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Objectif 14 : Conserver et exploiter de mani¨¨re durable les oc¨¦ans, les mers et les ressources marines aux fins du d¨¦veloppement durable

Objectif 14 : Conserver et exploiter de mani¨¨re durable les oc¨¦ans, les mers et les ressources marines aux fins du d¨¦veloppement durable2024-01-26T17:27:30-05:00
"undefined"!=typeof navigator&&function(t,e){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return e(t)}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=e(t):(t.lottie=e(t),t.bodymovin=t.lottie)}(window||{},function(window){"use strict";function ProjectInterface(){return{}}function roundValues(t){bm_rnd=t?Math.round:function(t){return t}}function styleDiv(t){t.style.position="absolute",t.style.top=0,t.style.left=0,t.style.display="block",t.style.transformOrigin=t.style.webkitTransformOrigin="0 0",t.style.backfaceVisibility=t.style.webkitBackfaceVisibility="visible",t.style.transformStyle=t.style.webkitTransformStyle=t.style.mozTransformStyle="preserve-3d"}function BMEnterFrameEvent(t,e,i,r){this.type=t,this.currentTime=e,this.totalTime=i,this.direction=r<0?-1:1}function BMCompleteEvent(t,e){this.type=t,this.direction=e<0?-1:1}function 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a(e,i){e.__complete||(l(e),o(e),h(e),p(e),t(e.layers,e.assets,i),e.__complete=!0)}function n(t,e){0!==t.t.a.length||"m"in t.t.p||(t.singleShape=!0)}var o=function(){function t(t){var e=t.t.d;t.t.d={k:[{s:e,t:0}]}}function e(e){var i,r=e.length;for(i=0;i=0;i-=1)if("sh"==e[i].ty){if(e[i].ks.k.i)e[i].ks.k.c=e[i].closed;else for(s=e[i].ks.k.length,r=0;r0&&(this.maskElement.setAttribute("id",y),this.element.maskedElement.setAttribute(v,"url("+locationhref+"#"+y+")"),s.appendChild(this.maskElement)),this.viewData.length&&this.element.addRenderableComponent(this)}function HierarchyElement(){}function FrameElement(){}function TransformElement(){}function RenderableElement(){}function RenderableDOMElement(){}function ProcessedElement(t,e){this.elem=t,this.pos=e}function SVGStyleData(t,e){this.data=t,this.type=t.ty,this.d="",this.lvl=e,this._mdf=!1,this.closed=!1,this.pElem=createNS("path"),this.msElem=null}function SVGShapeData(t,e,i){this.caches=[],this.styles=[],this.transformers=t,this.lStr="",this.sh=i,this.lvl=e,this._isAnimated=!!i.k;for(var r=0,s=t.length;r1&&(defaultCurveSegments=t);roundValues(!(defaultCurveSegments>=50))}function inBrowser(){return"undefined"!=typeof navigator}function installPlugin(t,e){"expressions"===t&&(expressionsPlugin=e)}function getFactory(t){switch(t){case"propertyFactory":return PropertyFactory;case"shapePropertyFactory":return ShapePropertyFactory;case"matrix":return Matrix}}function checkReady(){"complete"===document.readyState&&(clearInterval(readyStateCheckInterval),searchAnimations())}function getQueryVariable(t){for(var e=queryString.split("&"),i=0;i-1e-6&&t<0?w(t*e)/e:t}function D(){var t=this.props,e=A(t[0]),i=A(t[1]),r=A(t[4]),s=A(t[5]),a=A(t[12]),n=A(t[13]);return"matrix("+e+","+i+","+r+","+s+","+a+","+n+")"}var T=Math.cos,M=Math.sin,k=Math.tan,w=Math.round;return function(){this.reset=t,this.rotate=e,this.rotateX=i,this.rotateY=r,this.rotateZ=s,this.skew=n,this.skewFromAxis=o,this.shear=a,this.scale=h,this.setTransform=l,this.translate=p,this.transform=m,this.applyToPoint=y,this.applyToX=g,this.applyToY=v,this.applyToZ=b,this.applyToPointArray=P,this.applyToTriplePoints=S,this.applyToPointStringified=C,this.toCSS=_,this.to2dCSS=D,this.clone=d,this.cloneFromProps=u,this.equals=c,this.inversePoints=x,this.inversePoint=E,this._t=this.transform,this.isIdentity=f,this._identity=!0,this._identityCalculated=!1,this.props=createTypedArray("float32",16),this.reset()}}();!function(t,e){function i(i,l,p){var c=[];l=l===!0?{entropy:!0}:l||{};var v=n(a(l.entropy?[i,h(t)]:null===i?o():i,3),c),b=new r(c),E=function(){for(var t=b.g(f),e=u,i=0;t=g;)t/=2,e/=2,i>>>=1;return(t+i)/e};return E.int32=function(){return 0|b.g(4)},E.quick=function(){return b.g(4)/4294967296},E["double"]=E,n(h(b.S),t),(l.pass||p||function(t,i,r,a){return 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e,i=t.length;for(e=0;e0){for(;u.01)return!1;r+=1}return!0},GradientProperty.prototype.checkCollapsable=function(){if(this.o.length/2!==this.c.length/4)return!1;if(this.data.k.k[0].s)for(var t=0,e=this.data.k.k.length;t=o+lt||!d?(v=(o+lt-l)/h.partialLength,z=c.point[0]+(h.point[0]-c.point[0])*v,N=c.point[1]+(h.point[1]-c.point[1])*v,C.translate(-x[0]*D[s].an/200,-(x[1]*R/100)),p=!1):d&&(l+=h.partialLength,m+=1,m>=d.length&&(m=0,f+=1,u[f]?d=u[f].bezierData.points:E.v.c?(m=0,f=0,d=u[f].bezierData.points):(l-=h.partialLength,d=null)),d&&(c=h,h=d[m],y=h.partialLength));G=D[s].an/2-D[s].add,C.translate(-G,0,0)}else G=D[s].an/2-D[s].add,C.translate(-G,0,0),C.translate(-x[0]*D[s].an/200,-x[1]*R/100,0);for(et+=D[s].l/2,F=0;FM&&" 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e,i=t._length;for(e=0;e=0;e--)this.elements[e]||(i=this.layers[e],i.ip-i.stt-this.layers[e].st&&this.buildItem(e)),this.completeLayers=!!this.elements[e]&&this.completeLayers;this.checkPendingElements()},BaseRenderer.prototype.createItem=function(t){switch(t.ty){case 2:return this.createImage(t);case 0:return this.createComp(t);case 1:return this.createSolid(t);case 3:return this.createNull(t);case 4:return this.createShape(t);case 5:return this.createText(t);case 13:return this.createCamera(t)}return this.createNull(t)},BaseRenderer.prototype.createCamera=function(){throw new Error("You're using a 3d camera. Try the html renderer.")},BaseRenderer.prototype.buildAllItems=function(){var t,e=this.layers.length;for(t=0;t=0;e--)(this.completeLayers||this.elements[e])&&this.elements[e].prepareFrame(t-this.layers[e].st);if(this.globalData._mdf)for(e=0;e1&&(a+=" C"+e.o[r-1][0]+","+e.o[r-1][1]+" "+e.i[0][0]+","+e.i[0][1]+" "+e.v[0][0]+","+e.v[0][1]),i.lastPath!==a){var n="";i.elem&&(e.c&&(n=t.inv?this.solidPath+a:a),i.elem.setAttribute("d",n)),i.lastPath=a}},MaskElement.prototype.destroy=function(){this.element=null,this.globalData=null,this.maskElement=null,this.data=null,this.masksProperties=null},HierarchyElement.prototype={initHierarchy:function(){this.hierarchy=[],this._isParent=!1,this.checkParenting()},setHierarchy:function(t){this.hierarchy=t},setAsParent:function(){this._isParent=!0},checkParenting:function(){void 0!==this.data.parent&&this.comp.buildElementParenting(this,this.data.parent,[])}},FrameElement.prototype={initFrame:function(){this._isFirstFrame=!1,this.dynamicProperties=[],this._mdf=!1},prepareProperties:function(t,e){var i,r=this.dynamicProperties.length;for(i=0;i0;)c=e.transformers[u].mProps.v.props,f.transform(c[0],c[1],c[2],c[3],c[4],c[5],c[6],c[7],c[8],c[9],c[10],c[11],c[12],c[13],c[14],c[15]),d--,u--}else f=o;if(m=e.sh.paths,s=m._length,n){for(a="",r=0;r1&&o&&this.setShapesAsAnimated(n)}},SVGShapeElement.prototype.setShapesAsAnimated=function(t){var e,i=t.length;for(e=0;e=0;e-=1)E[e].animation.destroy(t)}function y(t,i,r){var s,a=[].concat([].slice.call(document.getElementsByClassName("lottie")),[].slice.call(document.getElementsByClassName("bodymovin"))),n=a.length;for(s=0;sthis.animationData.op&&(this.animationData.op=t.op,this.totalFrames=Math.floor(t.op-this.animationData.ip),this.animationData.tf=this.totalFrames);var e,i,r=this.animationData.layers,s=r.length,a=t.layers,n=a.length;for(i=0;ithis.timeCompleted&&(this.currentFrame=this.timeCompleted),this.trigger("enterFrame"),this.renderFrame()},AnimationItem.prototype.renderFrame=function(){this.isLoaded!==!1&&this.renderer.renderFrame(this.currentFrame+this.firstFrame)},AnimationItem.prototype.play=function(t){t&&this.name!=t||this.isPaused===!0&&(this.isPaused=!1,this._idle&&(this._idle=!1,this.trigger("_active")))},AnimationItem.prototype.pause=function(t){t&&this.name!=t||this.isPaused===!1&&(this.isPaused=!0,this._idle=!0,this.trigger("_idle"))},AnimationItem.prototype.togglePause=function(t){t&&this.name!=t||(this.isPaused===!0?this.play():this.pause())},AnimationItem.prototype.stop=function(t){t&&this.name!=t||(this.pause(),this.playCount=0,this.setCurrentRawFrameValue(0))},AnimationItem.prototype.goToAndStop=function(t,e,i){i&&this.name!=i||(e?this.setCurrentRawFrameValue(t):this.setCurrentRawFrameValue(t*this.frameModifier),this.pause())},AnimationItem.prototype.goToAndPlay=function(t,e,i){this.goToAndStop(t,e,i),this.play()},AnimationItem.prototype.advanceTime=function(t){if(this.isPaused!==!0&&this.isLoaded!==!1){var e=this.currentRawFrame+t*this.frameModifier,i=!1;e>=this.totalFrames-1&&this.frameModifier>0?this.loop&&this.playCount!==this.loop?e>=this.totalFrames?(this.playCount+=1,this.checkSegments(e%this.totalFrames)||(this.setCurrentRawFrameValue(e%this.totalFrames),this.trigger("loopComplete"))):this.setCurrentRawFrameValue(e):this.checkSegments(e%this.totalFrames)||(i=!0,e=this.totalFrames-1):e<0?this.checkSegments(e%this.totalFrames)||(!this.loop||this.playCount--<=0&&this.loop!==!0?(i=!0,e=0):(this.setCurrentRawFrameValue(this.totalFrames+e%this.totalFrames),this.trigger("loopComplete"))):this.setCurrentRawFrameValue(e),i&&(this.setCurrentRawFrameValue(e),this.pause(),this.trigger("complete"))}},AnimationItem.prototype.adjustSegment=function(t,e){this.playCount=0,t[1]0&&(this.playSpeedt[0]&&(this.frameModifier<0&&(this.playSpeed<0?this.setSpeed(-this.playSpeed):this.setDirection(1)),this.timeCompleted=this.totalFrames=t[1]-t[0],this.firstFrame=t[0],this.setCurrentRawFrameValue(.001+e)),this.trigger("segmentStart")},AnimationItem.prototype.setSegment=function(t,e){var i=-1;this.isPaused&&(this.currentRawFrame+this.firstFramee&&(i=e-t)),this.firstFrame=t,this.timeCompleted=this.totalFrames=e-t,i!==-1&&this.goToAndStop(i,!0)},AnimationItem.prototype.playSegments=function(t,e){if("object"==typeof t[0]){var i,r=t.length;for(i=0;ii&&"slice"===a)?this.transformCanvas.tx=(t-this.transformCanvas.w*(e/this.transformCanvas.h))/2*this.renderConfig.dpr:"xMax"===o&&(ri&&"slice"===a)?this.transformCanvas.tx=(t-this.transformCanvas.w*(e/this.transformCanvas.h))*this.renderConfig.dpr:this.transformCanvas.tx=0,"YMid"===h&&(r>i&&"meet"===a||ri&&"meet"===a||r=0;t-=1)this.elements[t]&&this.elements[t].destroy();this.elements.length=0,this.globalData.canvasContext=null,this.animationItem.container=null,this.destroyed=!0},CanvasRenderer.prototype.renderFrame=function(t){if(!(this.renderedFrame==t&&this.renderConfig.clearCanvas===!0||this.destroyed||t===-1)){this.renderedFrame=t,this.globalData.frameNum=t-this.animationItem._isFirstFrame,this.globalData.frameId+=1,this.globalData._mdf=!this.renderConfig.clearCanvas,this.globalData.projectInterface.currentFrame=t;var e,i=this.layers.length;for(this.completeLayers||this.checkLayers(t),e=0;e=0;e-=1)(this.completeLayers||this.elements[e])&&this.elements[e].renderFrame();this.renderConfig.clearCanvas!==!0&&this.restore()}}},CanvasRenderer.prototype.buildItem=function(t){var e=this.elements;if(!e[t]&&99!=this.layers[t].ty){var i=this.createItem(this.layers[t],this,this.globalData);e[t]=i,i.initExpressions()}},CanvasRenderer.prototype.checkPendingElements=function(){for(;this.pendingElements.length;){var t=this.pendingElements.pop();t.checkParenting()}},CanvasRenderer.prototype.hide=function(){this.animationItem.container.style.display="none"},CanvasRenderer.prototype.show=function(){this.animationItem.container.style.display="block"},extendPrototype([BaseRenderer],HybridRenderer),HybridRenderer.prototype.buildItem=SVGRenderer.prototype.buildItem,HybridRenderer.prototype.checkPendingElements=function(){for(;this.pendingElements.length;){var 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Qu’est-ce que l’objectif 14 – la vie aquatique ?
L’objectif 14 vise la conservation et l’utilisation durable des oc¨¦ans, des mers et des ressources marines. L’existence humaine et la vie sur terre sont tributaires d’oc¨¦ans et de mers en bonne sant¨¦.

L’oc¨¦an fait partie int¨¦grante de notre vie sur terre. R¨¦partis sur trois quarts de la surface de la terre, les oc¨¦ans et les mers contiennent 97 % de l’eau de la plan¨¨te et repr¨¦sentent 99 % de l’espace vital de la plan¨¨te en volume.

Ils fournissent des ressources naturelles essentielles, notamment des aliments, des m¨¦dicaments, des biocarburants et d’autres produits, contribuent ¨¤ la d¨¦composition et ¨¤ l’¨¦limination des d¨¦chets et de la pollution, et leurs ¨¦cosyst¨¨mes c?tiers agissent comme des tampons pour r¨¦duire les dommages caus¨¦s par les temp¨ºtes. Ils constituent ¨¦galement le plus grand puits de carbone de la plan¨¨te.

Il est inqui¨¦tant de constater que la pollution marine atteint des niveaux extr¨ºmes, avec plus de 17 millions de tonnes m¨¦triques qui encombraient les oc¨¦ans en 2021, un chiffre qui devrait doubler ou tripler d’ici 2040. Le plastique est le type de pollution des oc¨¦ans le plus nocif.

Actuellement, le ph moyen de l’oc¨¦an est de 8,1, soit environ 30 % plus acide qu’¨¤ l’¨¨re pr¨¦industrielle. L’acidification des oc¨¦ans menace la survie de la vie marine, perturbe le r¨¦seau alimentaire et compromet les services vitaux fournis par les oc¨¦ans ainsi que notre propre s¨¦curit¨¦ alimentaire.

L’avenir durable passe par une gestion prudente de cette ressource mondiale essentielle. Il s’agit notamment d’accro?tre le financement de l’oc¨¦anographie, d’intensifier les efforts de conservation et d’inverser d’urgence la tendance des changements climatiques afin de pr¨¦server le plus grand ¨¦cosyst¨¨me de la plan¨¨te. Les efforts actuels de protection ne r¨¦pondent pas encore au besoin urgent de sauvegarder cette ressource vaste, mais fragile.

Pourquoi ?

Les oc¨¦ans sont le support vital de notre plan¨¨te et r¨¦gulent le syst¨¨me climatique mondial. Il s’agit du plus grand ¨¦cosyst¨¨me du monde ; ils h¨¦bergent pr¨¨s d’un million d’esp¨¨ces connues et contiennent un vaste potentiel encore inexploit¨¦.
Les oc¨¦ans et les p¨ºcheries continuent de r¨¦pondre aux besoins ¨¦conomiques, sociaux et environnementaux de la population mondiale. Malgr¨¦ l’importance capitale de la conservation des oc¨¦ans, des d¨¦cennies d’exploitation irresponsable ont conduit ¨¤ un niveau de d¨¦gradation alarmant.

Quel est donc le probl¨¨me ?

Les oc¨¦ans absorbent environ 23 % du co2 produit par les humains et att¨¦nuent les impacts du r¨¦chauffement climatique. Les oc¨¦ans ont ¨¦galement absorb¨¦ plus de 90 % de l’exc¨¨s de chaleur dans le syst¨¨me climatique. La chaleur des oc¨¦ans atteint des niveaux record, provoquant des vagues de chaleur marine g¨¦n¨¦ralis¨¦es, mena?ant les riches ¨¦cosyst¨¨mes et tuant les r¨¦cifs coralliens du monde entier.

L’augmentation du nombre de d¨¦bris dans les oc¨¦ans du monde entier a ¨¦galement un impact environnemental et ¨¦conomique majeur. Chaque ann¨¦e, on estime que 5 ¨¤ 12 millions de tonnes m¨¦triques de plastique p¨¦n¨¨trent dans les oc¨¦ans, ce qui co?te environ 13 milliards de dollars par an, y compris les co?ts de nettoyage et les pertes financi¨¨res subies par les p¨ºcheries et d’autres secteurs d’activit¨¦. Environ 89 % des d¨¦chets plastiques trouv¨¦s au fond des oc¨¦ans sont des articles ¨¤ usage unique tels que les sacs en plastique.

Environ 80 % de l’ensemble du tourisme se d¨¦roule dans les zones c?ti¨¨res. L’industrie du tourisme li¨¦ aux oc¨¦ans g¨¦n¨¨re une croissance estim¨¦e ¨¤ 134 milliards de dollars par an et, dans certains pays, elle repr¨¦sente d¨¦j¨¤ plus d’un tiers de la main-d’?uvre.

S’il n’est pas g¨¦r¨¦ avec la plus grande attention, le tourisme peut constituer une menace majeure pour les ressources naturelles dont il d¨¦pend, ainsi que pour la culture et l’industrie locales.

Quel est le lien entre l’oc¨¦an et notre sant¨¦ ?

La sant¨¦ des oc¨¦ans est intimement li¨¦e ¨¤ notre sant¨¦. La diversit¨¦ des esp¨¨ces pr¨¦sentes dans les oc¨¦ans est tr¨¨s prometteuse pour les produits pharmaceutiques.

En outre, la p¨ºche marine fournit 57 millions d’emplois dans le monde et constitue la principale source de prot¨¦ines pour plus de 50 % de la population des pays les moins avanc¨¦s.

Que pouvons-nous donc faire ?

Pour les zones de haute mer et d’eaux profondes, la durabilit¨¦ ne peut ¨ºtre atteinte que par une coop¨¦ration internationale accrue pour prot¨¦ger les habitats vuln¨¦rables. La mise en place de syst¨¨mes complets, efficaces et ¨¦quitablement g¨¦r¨¦s de zones prot¨¦g¨¦es par l’¨¦tat devrait ¨ºtre poursuivie afin de conserver la biodiversit¨¦ et d’assurer un avenir durable ¨¤ l’industrie de la p¨ºche.

Par exemple, l’accord sur la biodiversit¨¦ au-del¨¤ des juridictions nationales, conclu en 2023, fournit un cadre juridique pour toutes les activit¨¦s men¨¦es dans les oc¨¦ans et les mers.

Au niveau local, nous devrions faire des choix respectueux des oc¨¦ans lorsque nous achetons des produits ou consommons des aliments d¨¦riv¨¦s des oc¨¦ans et ne consommer que ce dont nous avons besoin. Il est essentiel de r¨¦duire notre consommation de plastique.

  • L¡¯oce?an est en e?tat d¡¯urgence car l¡¯eutrophisation, l¡¯acidification, le re?chauf- fement et la pollution plastique grandissants qu¡¯il subit nuisent a? sa sante?. En outre, la tendance alarmante a? la surpe?che persiste, entrai?nant l¡¯e?puise- ment de plus d¡¯un tiers des stocks mondiaux de poissons.
  • Bien que l¡¯expansion des aires marines prote?ge?es, la lutte contre la pe?che illicite, non de?clare?e et non re?glemente?e, l¡¯interdiction des subventions a? la pe?che et le soutien aux petits pe?cheurs aient progresse?, les mesures n¡¯avancent pas a? la vitesse ou a? l¡¯e?chelle requises pour atteindre l¡¯objectif 14.
  • Pour enrayer ces tendances, il est impe?ratif de conduire une action mon- diale rapide et coordonne?e. Il faut pour cela accroi?tre le financement des sciences oce?aniques, intensifier les efforts de conservation, faire progres- ser les solutions fonde?es sur la nature et les e?cosyste?mes, s¡¯attaquer aux interconnexions et aux re?percussions des pressions anthropiques, et in- verser de toute urgence le cours des changements climatiques pour sauvegarder le plus grand e?cosyste?me de la plane?te.

14.1?? D¡¯ici ¨¤ 2025, pr¨¦venir et r¨¦duire nettement la pollution marine de tous types, en particulier celle r¨¦sultant des activit¨¦s terrestres, y compris les d¨¦chets en mer et la pollution par les nutriments

14.2?? D¡¯ici ¨¤ 2020, g¨¦rer et prot¨¦ger durablement les ¨¦cosyst¨¨mes marins et c?tiers, notamment en renfor?ant leur r¨¦silience, afin d¡¯¨¦viter les graves cons¨¦quences de leur d¨¦gradation et prendre des mesures en faveur de leur restauration pour r¨¦tablir la sant¨¦ et la productivit¨¦ des oc¨¦ans

14.3?? R¨¦duire au maximum l¡¯acidification des oc¨¦ans et lutter contre ses effets, notamment en renfor?ant la coop¨¦ration scientifique ¨¤ tous les niveaux

14.4?? D¡¯ici ¨¤ 2020, r¨¦glementer efficacement la p¨ºche, mettre un terme ¨¤ la surp¨ºche, ¨¤ la p¨ºche illicite, non d¨¦clar¨¦e et non r¨¦glement¨¦e et aux pratiques de p¨ºche destructrices et ex¨¦cuter des plans de gestion fond¨¦s sur des donn¨¦es scientifiques, l¡¯objectif ¨¦tant de r¨¦tablir les stocks de poissons le plus rapidement possible, au moins ¨¤ des niveaux permettant d¡¯obtenir un rendement constant maximal compte tenu des caract¨¦ristiques biologiques

14.5?? D¡¯ici ¨¤ 2020, pr¨¦server au moins 10?% des zones marines et c?ti¨¨res, conform¨¦ment au droit national et international et compte tenu des meilleures informations scientifiques disponibles

14.6?? D¡¯ici ¨¤ 2020, interdire les subventions ¨¤ la p¨ºche qui contribuent ¨¤ la surcapacit¨¦ et ¨¤ la surp¨ºche, supprimer celles qui favorisent la p¨ºche illicite, non d¨¦clar¨¦e et non r¨¦glement¨¦e et s¡¯abstenir d¡¯en accorder de nouvelles, sachant que l¡¯octroi d¡¯un traitement sp¨¦cial et diff¨¦renci¨¦ efficace et appropri¨¦ aux pays en d¨¦veloppement et aux pays les moins avanc¨¦s doit faire partie int¨¦grante des n¨¦gociations sur les subventions ¨¤ la p¨ºche men¨¦es dans le cadre de l¡¯Organisation mondiale du commerce

14.7?? D¡¯ici ¨¤ 2030, faire mieux b¨¦n¨¦ficier les petits ?tats insulaires en d¨¦veloppement et les pays les moins avanc¨¦s des retomb¨¦es ¨¦conomiques de l¡¯exploitation durable des ressources marines, notamment gr?ce ¨¤ une gestion durable des p¨ºches, de l¡¯aquaculture et du tourisme

14.a?? Approfondir les connaissances scientifiques, renforcer les capacit¨¦s de recherche et transf¨¦rer les techniques marines, conform¨¦ment aux Crit¨¨res et principes directeurs de la Commission oc¨¦anographique intergouvernementale concernant le transfert de techniques marines, l¡¯objectif ¨¦tant d¡¯am¨¦liorer la sant¨¦ des oc¨¦ans et de renforcer la contribution de la biodiversit¨¦ marine au d¨¦veloppement des pays en d¨¦veloppement, en particulier des petits ?tats insulaires en d¨¦veloppement et des pays les moins avanc¨¦s

14.b?? Garantir aux petits p¨ºcheurs l¡¯acc¨¨s aux ressources marines et aux march¨¦s

14.c?? Am¨¦liorer la conservation des oc¨¦ans et de leurs ressources et les exploiter de mani¨¨re plus durable en application des dispositions du droit international, ¨¦nonc¨¦es dans la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, qui?fournit le cadre juridique requis pour la conservation et l¡¯exploitation durable des oc¨¦ans et de leurs ressources, comme il est rappel¨¦ au paragraphe 158 de ??L¡¯avenir que nous voulons??

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