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Given the growing urgency surrounding loss and damage (L&D) and the recognised need for additional resources to address this critical issue, it is vital that the initial efforts and momentum be sustained. Ambitious mitigation action aligned with the 1.5°C temperature limit of the Paris Agreement is not just a global necessity but a lifeline for Small Island Developing States (SIDS); without it, the compounded effects of climate change will make loss and damage an unavoidable reality, threatening their very survival and sustainable development prospects. Vulnerable nations are reaching the limits of their ability to adapt, some face losing lands with deep cultural significance and meaning – and along with it, their way of life. The issue of L&D has evolved from a diplomatic sticking point to political reality with the establishment of the new Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD) and funding arrangements for loss and damage. As such, a science-based discourse is urgently needed for vulnerable nations to plan their survival and access loss and damage finance. Stakeholders from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have highlighted their difficulties in broaching this sensitive subject and have outlined that relevant analysis is needed to support countries in having these debates and reaching policy decisions on loss and damage, and accessing loss and damage finance.

This technical report aims to serve as an information primer, providing the necessary background knowledge on loss and damage finance and where it stands today, the Fund, and recommendations for SIDS approach to loss and damage finance. This technical report can also be used by SIDS to support their priorities in relation to the annual high- level dialogue on coordination and complementarity with representatives from the main entities that form part of the funding arrangements, co-convened by the Board of the FRLD and the UN Secretary General. The report was commissioned by the United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UNOHRLLS) to amplify the needs of SIDS surrounding the new FRLD and funding arrangements in the global arena, and to strategize after the 4th UN SIDS conference (SIDS4), and the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) in Baku, Azerbaijan.

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